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Every human being is born with powers to make his
life more meaningful and complete. His physical power fulfill his
physical needs through action; his psychological power enables him
to achieve the impossible in a civilised world and his moral
(inborn) power helps him master the 'art of living' by inculcating
good values. Unfortunately, this inborn power is the least utilised,
leading to physical and psychological breakdowns.
Yoga,
rooted in ancient history, helps to overcome these physical and
mental diseases by generating cosmic powers. Yoga is usually
associated with yogis; as a method used to high altitudes to attain
peace. However, it has no relevance to any particular religion. It
is a way of life to control the mind, body and soul. Yoga helps one
to get in touch with reality by being in touch with the inner self.
Yoga helps to achieve the elusive contentment, which no
materialistic luxury of the modern world can bring, to strike a
perfect balance between the mind and body and harmony between man
and the universe through yogic kriyas, yogasanas, chitta shuddhir
and yoga nidra. It relaxes the physical and psychological powers and
recharges them for better performance. Yoga, as defined by Maharishi
Patanjali, one of India's greatest sages, is a technique used to
control thought waves in the mind. He calls it a way of life, beyond
the consciousness of body, mind and intellect.
Yoga can be
classified into Karma (selfless service), Bhakti (complete devotion
to god), Jnana (uniting with God through meditation) and Raja
(physical and mental control).
Raja Yoga, founded by
Patanjali is also known as Astanga Yoga, refers to the eight limbs
of Yoga. Each limb has relevance to the functioning of today's
world. These limbs can be further classified as external (Bahiranga)
and internal (Antaranga). The first five fall under the former
category and the last three under the latter. All the eight limbs
are timeless and relevant, regardless of age or time. Eight
Limbs
Yama
(Social or ethical discipline or restraint)
Yama, a
symbol of social and ethical discipline, self-purification and
abstinence, is one of the first great commandments transcending
creed, country, age and time. It enables one speech, mind, body and
emotions.
It comprises of Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and
Aparigraha, they are as follows:-
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Ahimsa
refers to non-violence; to refrain from causing either mental or physical harm towards all living beings. It calls for a control over mind, emotions, words and actions.
Satya, the truth, sharpens buddhi (the mind), perfecting it in thought, word and deed. According to
Patanjali, truth makes a man successful in his aim.
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Brahmacharya
(celibacy) demands complete abstinence from sex in thought, emotion and practice. It is said to be the path to health and happiness. Brahmacharya also consolidates vigour and strength, ensuring good health and helps achieve peace and a long life.
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Aparigraha
means non-covetousness or control over one's needs. Patanjali ascribes that one should not desire things that are unnecessary to one's life and should narrow down their needs to the basic minimum.
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Niyama
is self-discipline, self-purification and observance of peace, both inward and outward. It comprises of
Souch, Tapas, Santosha, Swadhay and Ishwar Pranidham. Saunch is purity of mind and body as physical purity leads to mental purity. Tapas (austerity), in Sanskrit means to burn or become hot. It helps in achieving higher levels of individual realisation (to bear pain or agony), and in purifying the sensory organs.
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Santosha
(contentment) is achieved when the mind is tranquil.
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Swadhay
refers to a diligent study of religious text in search of truth and self-realisation. A person practicing yoga needs to have both theoretical and practical knowledge of yoga. Ishwar Pranidhan (dedication to the Lord) wherein a yogi feels that God is supreme and that he is only an
instrument in His hands.
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Asana
meaning posture, brings about physical as well as mental steadiness. Asana improves blood circulation, digestion, excretion and respiration. Apart from that, it is one of the best forms of physical exercise and helps in concentration.
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Pratyahara
seeks the control of the fives senses like speech (shabda), touch (sparsha), taste (rasa), sight (rupa) and smell (gandha). Pratyahara is considered to be the bridge between external and internal yoga.
The last three limbs are DHARANA (complete concentration of the mind on a single point or task); DYANA that refers to meditation and SAMADHI wherein the body senses are at rest, as if in sleep, and the mind alert, as if awake.
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Do's
and Don'ts and Benefits :-
Unlike the superficial and frivolous lifestyles, without any do's or don'ts, yoga imposes certain discipline with scientific justifications for a balanced and content life. Little wonder then that it is a global phenomenon even in this age and time.Regular practice of yoga helps in cultivating good eating, cleansing, sex and characteristic life to be human.
The kriyas and asanas cultivated through the ages enables to cure a variety of physical and mental disorders to lead a normal healthy life. One should remember that practicing yoga in the wrong manner can aggravate the negatives rather than positive changes in the body and mind. Therefore, it is advised that yoga should not be practiced without any professional guidance and knowledge. If you're physically unwell, do not practice yoga. Weak patients are warned against holding their breath (Kumbhaka) during pranayama. People suffering from serious problems like heart trouble, high or low blood pressure or any serious organic disease should also avoid postures, which may prove dangerous. Practice in the present of a medical or yoga expert. If there is profuse sweating during practice, do not wipe it with a towel, but rub the body with the palms. Avoid other physical exercises like gymnastics, weightlifting, jogging, tennis, swimming etc. after asanas and prayama for atleast 20 minutes after yoga. The sequence of yogic practices; Kriyas, Asanas, Pranayama, Chittashuddhi and Yoga Nidra should be maintained.
In attain peace of mind, yoga should be practiced in a quiet, secluded place, where fresh air envelops you for fresh breathing of the mind. It is recommended that you either practice early in the morning or evening on a relatively empty stomach.
Pratyahara
You are allowed the flexibility of practicing yoga four hours after a heavy meal and 20 minutes after a glass of juice or a cup of skimmed milk. After practice, meals after half-an-hour is optional. Avoid tea, coffee, smoking, alcohol, zarda, pan masala, sweets, fried food and spices as they activate chemical toxins, which are harmful and lead to stress and illness. Your diet should include raw food, salad and fruits. Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water everyday, irrespective of yogic practice. It helps in cleaning up the system. A time schedule should be idual capacity and to make it a regular practice. For instance, Pranayama can be started with a less duration initially and can be later increased gradually depending on one's capability to concentrate. Initially one may feel stiffness uscles but it will ease out after regular practice.
Physical comfort is as important as mental comfort while practicing yoga. Hence, clean, loose, free-flowing clothes; preferably cotton garments should be worn. In cold climates, a shirt or sweater can be worn. Jewellery and accessories should be avoided and
practice with bare-feet to ensure contact with the ground. As the body has to be stretched in all directions, yogic practice has to be done on a clean mat, rug, carpet or a blanket. You should be on ground and do not practice on sofas and beds.
During Yogasana, one should breathe through nostrils and not through the mouth, except during Sheetali and Sheetakari Pranayama.
Although there is no direct co-relation between bathing and yoga, a shower before and after yogasana will help in refreshing the body and mind. Cleanliness only helps. Yoga should be started with a meditative posture, with a calm, tension-free mental state. The old saying,'Silience is Golden' is most relevant to yoga.
Yoga is not something, which can be practiced by merely watching TV or reading about it. Every action has significance in yoga, so it cannot be taken lightly. Beginners should follow instructions given by a tutor.
Pregnant woman should be extremely careful and should avoid Yogasanas, Kalbhati, Bhastrika and Suryabhedana during menstruation. Asanas could be practiced during pregnancy upto the first 80-90 days. Pranayama can be continued without Kumbhak throughout pregnancy, as it helps considerably during labor.
The above instructions might sound tough to follow, but once it becomes a way of life then there is no stopping. Always remember that the benefits of yoga depend entirely on how much you want to gain from it. Your commitment, dedication and personal belief in yoga will help you in lead a balanced, healthy life. he results are astounding and the discipline you follow is worth the
exercise.
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